In response to the recent terrorist attacks many of us have experienced a complex range of emotions that include grief, disbelief, shock, denial, anger, guilt, irritability, fear, anxiety, depression, and sadness. According to the American Red Cross, there are numerous reasons why this tragedy was especially disturbing. These include a lack of warning so we couldn't prepare, the realization that a safe area suddenly became unsafe, and a fear of additional destruction. Ready access to media outlets allowed us to view and review the event and aftermath, and as a result we become"secondary victims" whereby we can suffer emotional and physical problems.

The extent to which we are affected and the process of coping with the tragedy differs for each of us. Mental health experts underscore the importance of talking about the tragedy to help work through what happened and to relieve stress. A common reaction is to try to learn as much as possible about what happened and what will happen next. However, continued monitoring of TV, radio and news reports can cause continued anxiety, so it's wise to limit your exposure.

Health

The shock and stress of the attacks can cause a number of physical problems that include excessive hunger or loss of appetite, rashes, allergy flare-ups and insomnia. Emotions such as anger, fear, and anxiety can manifest as headaches, body aches, and an upset stomach. The process of grieving and healing is exhausting and requires energy. It's typical to feel lethargic or agitated.

One of the most important things we can do to make our way through this extraordinary period is to take time to take care of ourselves. This includes eating well, getting enough sleep, and exercising. Eat regular meals, starting with a good breakfast. Try to consume the recommended five daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Stress can lead to disturbed sleep and nightmares, and loss of sleep keeps levels of stress hormones elevated, which can influence mood, memory and the immune system. Most adults need about eight hours of sleep a night. Keep a regular schedule and limit caffeine and alcohol consumption. Late afternoon exercise, warm baths, and soothing music can help prepare your body and mind for sleep. Exercise helps control your appetite and improves sleep. It is also a good outlet for expressing emotions: you can pound the pedals or quietly meditate. For some, biking with good friends takes on added significance, while for others there may be a desire to spin in solitude.

Healing

In the days ahead we will all go through a range of emotions. Don't deny them, but instead embrace them. Treat yourself and others with patience and kindness. The events give us an opportunity to reevaluate our priorities. Many things that were once important may now seem trivial. Friends and family take on added significance. It's an opportunity to get involved in new causes, activities and projects, and to strengthen relationships. By acknowledging and going through the grieving and healing process, we can come away with a sense of peace, strength and renewed purpose.

Resources

www.helping.org/ As of Oct 5 this site had information about donations and extensive links to coping resources as well as many other aspects of the tragedy including numerous charities.

Carol Torgan is an exercise physiologist and Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine. You can reach her at ceetee01 at yahoo.com